<h2 class="documentFirstHeading">Summary</h2>
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<li class="item">Cells are made up of organic and inorganic molecules which in turn are made up of <a data-lesson="chemical-reactions-molecules" data-subject="biology" data-tutorial="chemical-foundation-of-life" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/biology/chemical-foundation-of-life/chemical-reactions-molecules">atoms</a> bonded together.</li>
<li class="item">Living organisms need to consume organic and inorganic compounds, which they break down for energy and use as building blocks for the components of life.</li>
<li class="item">Essential <a data-lesson="molecules-for-life" data-subject="biology" data-tutorial="chemistry-of-life-intro" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/biology/chemistry-of-life-intro/molecules-for-life">compounds</a> are those that a living organism cannot build itself from other molecules, but must obtain from its environment.</li>
<li class="item">Plants may require a supply of inorganic nutrients through natural and non-natural fertilisers. An excess of non-natural fertilisers supplied to <a data-lesson="nutritional-adaptations-of-plants" data-subject="biology" data-tutorial="soil-plant-nutrition" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/biology/soil-plant-nutrition/nutritional-adaptations-of-plants">plants</a> may result in eutrophication of rivers and lakes.</li>
<li class="item">Proteins, carbohydrates and fats are key organic molecules required for growth and survival of living organisms. Each of these molecule classes consists of polymeric compounds made up of individual monomers. Chemical tests for the presence of each of these polymers in a sample rely on the detection of the component monomer.</li>
<li class="item">Each of these compounds has essential functions in living organisms, for example: fats (storage); proteins (growth); carbohydrates (energy); nucleic acids (store genetic information); vitamins (variety of functions in the body). An inadequate supply of these can result in diseases of malnutrition (e.g kwashiorkor, marasmus, scurvy, rickets etc).</li>
<li class="item">The class of proteins known as <a data-lesson="enzymes-2" data-subject="biology" data-tutorial="biology-foundations" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/biology/biology-foundations/enzymes-2">enzymes</a> is important in speeding up <a data-lesson="endergonic-exergonic-reactions" data-subject="biology" data-tutorial="cell-metabolism" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/biology/cell-metabolism/endergonic-exergonic-reactions">chemical reactions</a> in living organisms. Enzymes work under specific pH and temperature conditions known as `optimal conditions'. They may become denatured or deactivated under unfavourable conditions.</li>
<li class="item">The Recommended Dietary Allowance is a measure of how much of the various organic and inorganic nutrients we require in our diet. The specific allowance is different across age groups and sexes. It is a useful guide to maintaining a balanced diet.</li>
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Biology studies life and living organisms. Biology can be divided into different sections that cover the morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, and so on of living organisms.

Biology

Summary and Main Ideas

Discover the fundamental role of chemistry in life, explore the importance of molecules such as water, minerals, and nutrients for plant growth, and learn about the essential organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, as well as enzymes, nucleic acids, and vitamins, and the recommended dietary allowance.


Summary and Main Ideas

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