Summarizing Human Reproductive Anatomy and Gametogenesis

Summary

As animals became more complex, specific organs and organ systems developed to support specific functions for the organism. The reproductive structures that evolved in land animals allow males and females to mate, fertilize internally, and support the growth and development of offspring. Processes developed to produce reproductive cells that had exactly half the number of chromosomes of each parent so that new combinations would have the appropriate amount of genetic material. Gametogenesis, the production of sperm (spermatogenesis) and eggs (oogenesis), takes place through the process of meiosis.

Glossary

bulbourethral gland

secretion that cleanses the urethra prior to ejaculation

clitoris

sensory structure in females; stimulated during sexual arousal

labia majora

large folds of tissue covering the inguinal area

labia minora

smaller folds of tissue within the labia majora

oogenesis

process of producing haploid eggs

oviduct

(also, fallopian tube) muscular tube connecting the uterus with the ovary area

penis

male reproductive structure for urine elimination and copulation

prostate gland

structure that is a mixture of smooth muscle and glandular material and that contributes to semen

scrotum

sac containing testes; exterior to the body

semen

fluid mixture of sperm and supporting materials

seminal vesicle

secretory accessory gland in males; contributes to semen

seminiferous tubule

site of sperm production in testes

spermatogenesis

process of producing haploid sperm

testes

pair of reproductive organs in males

uterus

environment for developing embryo and fetus

vagina

muscular tube for the passage of menstrual flow, copulation, and birth of offspring