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<h2 class="title">Classification of Matter: Materials</h2>
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<p>All the objects that we see in the world around us, are made of <strong>matter</strong>. Matter makes up the air we breathe, the ground we walk on, the food we eat and the animals and plants that live around us. Even our own human bodies are made of matter!</p>
<p>Different objects can be made of different types of <strong>materials</strong> (the matter from which objects are made). For example, a cupboard (an <em>object</em>) is made of wood, nails, hinges and knobs (the <em>materials</em>). The <strong>properties</strong> of the materials will affect the properties of the object. In the example of the cupboard, the strength of the wood and metals make the cupboard strong and durable. It is very important to understand the properties of materials, so that we can use them in our homes, in industry and in other applications.</p>
<h3><strong>Cupboard</strong></h3>
<a href="https://data.ulearngo.com/assets/a1b1c4a5-963a-4923-8e8b-7acacc908de9"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-151065 alignnone" height="240" src="https://data.ulearngo.com/assets/a1b1c4a5-963a-4923-8e8b-7acacc908de9" width="320"/></a><br/>
<p>Some of the properties of matter that you should know are:</p>
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<p>Materials can be <strong>strong</strong> and resist bending (e.g. bricks, rocks) or <strong>weak</strong> and bend easily (e.g. clothes)</p>
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<p>Materials that conduct <a data-lesson="calorimetry" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="thermochemistry" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/thermochemistry/calorimetry">heat</a> (e.g. metals) are called <strong>thermal conductors</strong>. Materials that conduct electricity (e.g. copper wire) are <strong>electrical conductors</strong>.</p>
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<p><strong>Brittle</strong> materials break easily (e.g. plastic). Materials that are <strong>malleable</strong> can be easily formed into different shapes (e.g. clay, dough). <strong>Ductile</strong> materials are able to be formed into long wires (e.g. copper).</p>
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<p><strong>Magnetic</strong> materials have a <a data-lesson="magnetic-and-non-magnetic-materials" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="classification-of-matter" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/classification-of-matter/magnetic-and-non-magnetic-materials">magnetic</a> field (e.g. iron).</p>
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<p><strong>Density</strong> is the <a data-lesson="molar-mass" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="quantitative-aspects-chemical-change" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/quantitative-aspects-chemical-change/molar-mass">mass</a> per unit volume. Examples of dense materials include concrete and stones.</p>
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<p>The <strong>boiling and melting points</strong> of substances tells us the <a data-lesson="conversion-temperature-units" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="chemistry-essential-ideas" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/chemistry-essential-ideas/conversion-temperature-units">temperature</a> at which the substance will boil or melt. This helps us to classify substances as solids, liquids or <a data-lesson="introducing-gases" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="gases" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/gases/introducing-gases">gases</a> at a specific temperature.</p>
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<p>The diagram below shows one way in which matter can be classified (grouped) according to its different properties. As you read further in this section, you will see that there are also other ways of classifying materials, for example according to whether or not they are good electrical conductors.</p>
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_151066" style="width: 713px"><a href="https://data.ulearngo.com/assets/a4263dc1-eb7c-4e6b-9fa1-ef96cbc7d6eb"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-151066" height="270" src="https://data.ulearngo.com/assets/a4263dc1-eb7c-4e6b-9fa1-ef96cbc7d6eb" width="713"/></a><p class="wp-caption-text">The classification of matter</p></div>
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<h2>Optional Activity: What materials are products made of?</h2>
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<p>This activity looks at the materials that make up food products. In groups of \(\text{3}\) or \(\text{4}\) look at the labels on food items. Make a list of the ingredients. Can you tell from the ingredients what the food is (i.e. spice, oil, sweets, etc.)? Food products are labelled to help you (the consumer) know what you are eating and to help you choose healthier alternatives. Some compounds, such as MSG and tartrazine are being removed from products due to being regarded as unsafe. Are there other ingredients in the products that are unsafe to eat? What preservatives and additives (e.g. tartrazine, MSG, colourants) are there? Are these preservatives and additives good for you? Are there natural (from plants) alternatives? What do different indigenous people groups use to flavor and preserve their food?</p>
<h3><strong>Some labels on food items</strong></h3>
<img alt="" src="https://data.ulearngo.com/assets/fd642ebc-19cb-4c94-9153-00ff0ca08ac4"/></div>
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<h2>Optional Activity: Classifying materials</h2>
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<p>Look around you at the various structures. Make a list of all the different materials that you see. Try to work out why a particular material was used. Can you classify all the different materials used according to their properties? Why are these materials chosen over other materials?</p>
<p><a href="https://data.ulearngo.com/assets/e9834bac-e577-4745-96b3-e45478736544"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-151067 alignnone" height="320" src="https://data.ulearngo.com/assets/e9834bac-e577-4745-96b3-e45478736544" width="213"/></a></p>
<p><a href="https://data.ulearngo.com/assets/2ba604cf-761b-4b25-95a8-fd00191c304a"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-151068 alignnone" height="320" src="https://data.ulearngo.com/assets/2ba604cf-761b-4b25-95a8-fd00191c304a" width="188"/></a></p>
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Materials

Chemistry generally explores the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances. 

Chemistry

Explore the arrangement of elements and learn about materials, mixtures, pure substances, and separation techniques, including chemical formulae and important concepts such as periods in the periodic table and chemical properties of groups.


Materials

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