Appendix: Formation Constants For Complex Ions

Formation Constants for Complex Ions

Equilibrium Kf
\({\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{F}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[{\text{AlF}}_{6}]}^{\text{3−}}\) 7 \(×\) 1019
\({\text{Cd}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Cd}{({\text{NH}}_{3})}_{4}]}^{\text{2}\text{+}}\) 1.3 \(×\) 107
\({\text{Cd}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Cd}{(\text{CN})}_{4}]}^{2-}\) 3 \(×\) 1018
\({\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Co}{({\text{NH}}_{3})}_{6}]}^{2+}\) 1.3 \(×\) 105
\({\text{Co}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Co}{({\text{NH}}_{3})}_{6}]}^{3+}\) 2.3 \(×\) 1033
\({\text{Cu}}^{+}+2\text{CN}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Cu}{(\text{CN})}_{2}]}^{-}\) 1.0 \(×\) 1016
\({\text{Cu}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Cu}{({\text{NH}}_{3})}_{4}]}^{2+}\) 1.7 \(×\) 1013
\({\text{Fe}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Fe}{(\text{CN})}_{6}]}^{4-}\) 1.5 \(×\) 1035
\({\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Fe}{(\text{CN})}_{6}]}^{3-}\) 2 \(×\) 1043
\({\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Fe}{(\text{SCN})}_{6}]}^{3-}\) 3.2 \(×\) 103
\({\text{Hg}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{Cl}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[{\text{HgCl}}_{4}]}^{2-}\) 1.1 \(×\) 1016
\({\text{Ni}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Ni}{({\text{NH}}_{3})}_{6}]}^{2+}\) 2.0 \(×\) 108
\({\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+2{\text{Cl}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[{\text{AgCl}}_{2}]}^{-}\) 1.8 \(×\) 105
\({\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+2{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Ag}{(\text{CN})}_{2}]}^{-}\) 1 \(×\) 1021
\({\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+2{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Ag}{({\text{NH}}_{3})}_{2}]}^{+}\) 1.7 \(×\) 107
\({\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Zn}{(\text{CN})}_{4}]}^{2-}\) 2.1 \(×\) 1019
\({\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{OH}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Zn}{(\text{OH})}_{4}]}^{2-}\) 2 \(×\) 1015
\({\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Fe}(\text{SCN})]}^{2+}\) 8.9 \(×\) 102
\({\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+4{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Ag}{(\text{SCN})}_{4}]}^{3-}\) 1.2 \(×\) 1010
\({\text{Pb}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{I}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[{\text{PbI}}_{4}]}^{2-}\) 3.0 \(×\) 104
\({\text{Pt}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{Cl}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[{\text{PtCl}}_{4}]}^{2-}\) 1 \(×\) 1016
\({\text{Cu}}^{\text{2+}}+4\text{CN}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Cu}{(\text{CN})}_{4}]}^{2-}\) 1.0 \(×\) 1025
\({\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{[\text{Co}{(\text{SCN})}_{4}]}^{2-}\) 1 \(×\) 103

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Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes

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