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<h2>Hydrocarbons</h2>
<p>The largest database of organic <a data-lesson="compounds-2" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="quantitative-aspects-chemical-change" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/quantitative-aspects-chemical-change/compounds-2">compounds</a> lists about 10 million substances, which include compounds originating from living <a data-lesson="nitrogen-fixation" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="metals-metalloids-nonmetals" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/metals-metalloids-nonmetals/nitrogen-fixation">organisms</a> and those synthesized by chemists. The number of potential organic compounds has been estimated at 10<sup>60</sup>—an astronomically high number. The existence of so many <a data-lesson="what-are-organic-molecules" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="organic-molecules" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/organic-molecules/what-are-organic-molecules">organic molecules</a> is a consequence of the ability of carbon atoms to form up to four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, resulting in chains and rings of many different sizes, shapes, and complexities.</p>
<p>The simplest <strong>organic compounds</strong> contain only the <a data-lesson="elements" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="classification-of-matter" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/classification-of-matter/elements">elements</a> carbon and hydrogen, and are called hydrocarbons. Even though they are composed of only two types of atoms, there is a wide variety of <a data-lesson="summarizing-hydrocarbons" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="organic-chemistry" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/organic-chemistry/summarizing-hydrocarbons">hydrocarbons</a> because they may consist of varying lengths of chains, branched chains, and rings of carbon atoms, or combinations of these structures.</p>
<p>In addition, hydrocarbons may differ in the types of carbon-carbon bonds present in their molecules. Many hydrocarbons are found in plants, animals, and their fossils; other hydrocarbons have been prepared in the laboratory. We use hydrocarbons every day, mainly as fuels, such as natural gas, acetylene, propane, butane, and the principal components of gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil.</p>
<p>The familiar <a data-lesson="impact-of-polymers-and-plastics" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="organic-molecules" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/organic-molecules/impact-of-polymers-and-plastics">plastics</a> polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are also hydrocarbons. We can distinguish several types of hydrocarbons by differences in the <a data-lesson="electronegativity-and-bonding" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="bonding-atomic-combinations" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/bonding-atomic-combinations/electronegativity-and-bonding">bonding</a> between carbon atoms. This leads to differences in geometries and in the <a data-lesson="assignment-of-hybrid-orbitals-to-central-atoms" data-subject="chemistry" data-tutorial="covalent-bonding-continued" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/chemistry/covalent-bonding-continued/assignment-of-hybrid-orbitals-to-central-atoms">hybridization</a> of the carbon orbitals.</p>
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Hydrocarbons

Chemistry generally explores the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances. 

Chemistry

Discover the fundamentals of Organic Chemistry including hydrocarbons, alkanes, nomenclature, and functional groups as well as explore the structures and properties of various biological macromolecules and DNA in forensics.


Hydrocarbons

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