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<h2 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en">Aristocracy</h2>
<p><b>Aristocracy</b> is a kind of government that puts power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class. In Ancient Greek, the word aristocracy from <i>aristokratia</i> means <i>the rule of the best</i>, but it has come to be linked with rule by royal families.</p>
<p>The term is synonymous with hereditary government, and hereditary succession is its primary philosophy, after which the hereditary monarch appoints officers as they see fit. At the time of the word's origins in ancient Greece, the Greeks conceived it as rule by the best qualified citizens—and often contrasted it favourably with monarchy, rule by an individual. In later times, aristocracy was usually seen as rule by a privileged group, the aristocratic class, and has since been contrasted with democracy. The idea of hybrid forms which have aspects of both aristocracy and democracy are in use in the parliament form.</p>
<div class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_378765" style="width: 580px"><img alt="" class="wp-image-378765 size-full" height="518" src="https://data.ulearngo.com/assets/8aa2cdeb-6df9-46b5-9639-fa3cd1013340" width="580"/><p class="wp-caption-text">The concept of aristocracy evolved in Ancient Greece.</p></div>
<p>The concept evolved in Ancient Greece, whereby a council of leading citizens was commonly empowered. The concept was also contrasted with representative democracy, in which a council of citizens was appointed as the "senate" of a city state or other political unit. The Greeks did not like the concept of monarchy, and as their democratic system fell, aristocracy was upheld. </p>
<p>In the 1651 book <i>Leviathan</i>, Thomas Hobbes describes an aristocracy as a commonwealth in which the representative of the citizens is an assembly by part only. It is a system in which only a small part of the population represents the government; "certain men distinguished from the rest". Modern depictions of aristocracy tend to regard it not as the ancient Greek concept of rule by the best, but more as an oligarchy or plutocracy—rule by the few or the wealthy.</p>
<p>The concept of aristocracy per Plato, has an ideal state ruled by the philosopher king. Plato describes these "philosopher kings" as "those who love the sight of truth" (Republic 475c) and supports the idea with the analogy of a captain and his ship or a doctor and his medicine. According to him, sailing and health are not things that everyone is qualified to practice by nature. A large part of the Republic then addresses how the educational system should be set up to produce these philosopher kings.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Various_forms_of_government">Various Forms of Aristocratic Government</span></h2>
<p>There are different kinds of aristocracy with different ways the government is set up. In history, most aristocracies are hereditary. Members of the ruling group have passed on power to their eldest surviving son, and sometimes to their eldest daughter. Aristocracy can be combined with other kinds of government. There were small groups of people that run a country. The people were called aristocrats and often had titles such as duke, duchess, baron and baroness.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Consistent_with_aristocracy">Consistent with Aristocracy</span></h3>
<ul>
<li><a data-lesson="monarchy" data-subject="government" data-tutorial="introduction-to-government" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/government/introduction-to-government/monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a> - (inherited rule by a single individual) The monarch and his or her relatives are usually the aristocracy. Also, the monarch has the power to make anyone he or she chooses part of the ruling group. Sometimes the current monarch is replaced by another aristocrat and their family.</li>
<li><a data-lesson="autocracy" data-subject="government" data-tutorial="introduction-to-government" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/government/introduction-to-government/autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a> - (all power in one person) Aristocracies in an autocratic society tend to be very small, usually only the autocrat's family or close friends.</li>
<li>Plutocracy - (rule by the wealthy) The aristocracy is usually made up of the richest people. Sometimes it is not enough just to be rich, you must also be from a special family or ethnic group.</li>
<li><a data-lesson="oligarchy" data-subject="government" data-tutorial="introduction-to-government" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/government/introduction-to-government/oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a> - (rule by the few) All aristocracies are also oligarchies.</li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Not_aristocracies">Not Aristocracies</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>Meritocracy - (rule by those who most deserve to rule) The aristocracy is usually a group of people with special credentials or those who went to a particular school. It is possible to lose your place in the ruling group because someone with better skills replaced you.</li>
<li><a data-lesson="democracy" data-subject="government" data-tutorial="introduction-to-government" href="https://app.ulearngo.com/government/introduction-to-government/democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a> - (rule by the people) There are usually not official groups of aristocrats in a democracy. However, rich and famous people sometimes informally form a group of people who get special treatment with the consent of everyone else.</li>
</ul>

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Aristocracy

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Discover the fundamentals of how the government functions, including the definition, features, and functions of a state, distinctions between nations and states, and political structures such as democracy, monarchy, and oligarchy.


Aristocracy

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