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Earlier discussion
2 older comments kept for context.
Naomi Akoshi
A galvanometer is converted into an ammeter by connecting a low resistance (shunt) in parallel with the galvanometer.
After the connection, the scale will then be calibrated in ampere and the range of ammeter depends on the values of the shunt resistance.
Oruah Segun Michael
A galvanometer is a small-current detecting device... In order to convert it to an Ammeter which measures large current, a resistor of high resistance(shunt) has to be connected in parallel with the galvanometer
REASON: Recall that in series connection of resistors, the same current flows throw them, but different potential differences across each resistor. But when they are connected in parallel: same pd but diffent current....
Since we want to make the galvanometer to allow large current throw it.. Some of the current has to be diverted so that it does not damage the galvanometer, since we are dealing with different currents i.e some through the galvanometer and the rest through the resistor(shunt), the shunt must be connected in parallel for this to work...
Vg=Vs and I=Ig+Is where I=total current to be measured, Ig=full scale deflection of the galvanometer, Is=current through the shunt... Is=I-Ig
IgRg=IsRs....
Rs=IgRg/Is