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Earlier discussion
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Oluwaseun Adeyemi
The energy band in solids are divided into:
Forbidden bands
Valence bands and
Conduction bands
The forbidden bands of energy cannot be occupied by electrons.
The valence band is the lowest available energy band.
The conduction band is the next available energy band. Semi conductors are classes of materials with a narrow forbidden band between the valence band and the conduction band. At 0K all the energy levels in the valence band are occupied by electrons and the material is then an insulator. At normal temperature the number of valence band is equal to the number of electrons in the conducting band.