The atmospheric nitrogen is converted to soil nitrogen for plant use by the process of lightning and nitrification.

Option C is the correct answer.

Lightning is a natural process that causes atmospheric nitrogen to combine with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. These nitrogen oxides dissolve in rainwater to form nitric acid, which is then carried to the soil. In the soil, nitrifying bacteria convert the nitric acid to nitrates, which can be taken up by plants to make proteins and other nitrogen-containing compounds.

Putrefaction and combustion are not involved in the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to soil nitrogen. Putrefaction is a process that breaks down organic matter, while combustion is the burning of organic matter. Neither of these processes directly contributes to the nitrogen cycle.

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